被動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
 主語+be +過去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者）
① 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+過去分詞
如：Trees are planted every year. 
② 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are+ being +過去分詞
如：The road is being repaired.  
③ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + been +過去分詞
如：The work has been finished. 
④ 一般過去時(shí) was/were + 過去分詞
如：The story was told by him. 
Many birds were killed last year. 
⑤過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+ being + 過去分詞
如：The new house was being painted when I got home. 
⑥過去完成時(shí) had +been+ 過去分詞
如： He told me that the work had been finished. 
⑦一般將來時(shí)  will +be + 過去分詞
如： The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 
⑧ 過去將來時(shí) would/should +be +過去分詞
如：He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
⑨情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過去分詞     
如：The problem must be solved soon.
Children should be taught to love animals.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)關(guān)注點(diǎn)：
1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 
如：happen, break down, come out......
　　What will happen in 100 years. 
　　The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 
2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 
如：write, sell, ride.....
　　This pen writes well. 
　　This new book sells well. 
3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上“to”。 
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something 
　　see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something 
　　A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 
　　The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 
4. 如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。 
　　He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 
　　He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 
　　My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 
5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 
　　We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 
　　He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 
　　The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
　　構(gòu)成
　　be+done.