直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)：
引用別人的話有兩種方式，一種是講述別人的原話，并把它放在引號(hào)里，這叫直接引語(yǔ)；
另一種是用自己的話來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述別人，并且不能用引號(hào)，這就是間接引語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)之間可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。
直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)關(guān)系:
直接引語(yǔ)：直接引述別人的話（句子中有“”）。
間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫“間接引語(yǔ)”（句子中一般無(wú)“”）
間接引語(yǔ)在大多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
1.直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞that 引導(dǎo)。例如：
She said, "I am very happy to help you."→She said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引語(yǔ)是一般(選擇/反意)疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo)。例如：
He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動(dòng)詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時(shí)，一般只用whether。例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
3. 直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo)。例如：
My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4. 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語(yǔ)。例如：
The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意：此種情況的否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→My teacher asked me not to laugh.
一些注意事項(xiàng):
(1)如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)如果直接引語(yǔ)中有明確表示過(guò)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)不改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引語(yǔ)所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，
在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，
在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式could, might, should, would,
在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
(7)間接引語(yǔ)一般要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：
He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ):
A.一般不表示請(qǐng)求或祈使的句子改為一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句
1.連詞
若直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容是陳述句，那么改為間接時(shí)，要用連詞 that (可以省略)
……………….一般疑問(wèn)句，…….，要用連詞 if/whether (不可以省略)
……………….特殊疑問(wèn)句，…….，要用連詞 wh- 即特殊疑問(wèn)詞本身（不可�。�
2.變化
（1）主句動(dòng)詞的變化
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為said或said to，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)，said不變。
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，則要把said或said to變?yōu)閍sked / asked sb.
�。�2）從句人稱的變化
由直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)人稱要遵循一主、二賓、三不變的原則。
�、僦苯右Z(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要和主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
②如果直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第二人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要與主句的賓語(yǔ)保持一致。
③如果直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱不變。例如：
�、賂hey said, “We will go there by bus.” →They said they would go there by bus.
�、赟he said to me, “Are you interested in science?” →She asked me if I was interested in science.
③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
�。�3）、從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化
a. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則應(yīng)是與主句時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
�、僖话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí)；
�、谝话氵^(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)；
③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；
�、墁F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)；
�、葸^(guò)去完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）；
�、抟话銓�(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：
The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
b. 直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。例如：
He says, “I have finished my homework.” →He says that he has finished his homework.
She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that she'll do it the next day.
c. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀事實(shí)或真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如：
The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
�。�4）、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化
直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，指示代詞的變化為this→that， these→those等；
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化為now→then， today→that day， yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等；
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化為here→there；動(dòng)詞的變化為come→go（go 不要變come）。例如：
1. She said, “I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening.
2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
B.表示請(qǐng)求或祈使的句子改為句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示要求時(shí)用tell sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)用ask sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示強(qiáng)制要求時(shí)用order sb (not) to do sth